The physical conditions of naval warfare provide inherent advantages to submarines, making it extremely challenging to fight this invisible element. Although countries try to create new tactics by supporting their navies with sophisticated solutions with technology advancement, submarines still have a significant advantage over surface assets.

It is quite challenging to fight against submarines. Because it is tough for the sonar signals to reach beyond the “layer-depth”, which is formed according to daily water conditions. The layer-depth reflects the incoming sound waves, so when a submarine that submerges below the layer-depth becomes almost undetectable from a safe distance with hull-mounted sonars. Therefore, Navies try to penetrate this layer by using sonobuoys (launched from Maritime Patrol Aircraft), towed array sonars, variable depth sonars (towed by ships), and dipping sonars (deployed by helicopters). However, trying to locate a sub in large areas such as the Eastern Mediterranean is like looking for a needle in a haystack. Furthermore, the sonar interference created by the underwater noise in shallow waters such as the Aegean Sea, with a challenging topography for naval warfare, makes it harder to cope with submarines in these waters.